《资本之惑》作者：斯图尔特·L·哈特

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第1章从义务到机遇
第1章从义务到机遇(6)

作者：斯图尔特·L·哈特出版社：中国人民大学出版社

注释

［1］例如,AllenKneeseandCharlesSchultze,Pollution,Prices,andPublicPolicy(Washington,D.C.:Brookings,1975);andRobertDorfmanandNancyDorfman,EconomicsoftheEnvironment(NewYork:W.W.Norton,1972)。

［2］RayAnderson,Mid-CourseCorrection(WhiteRiverJunction,VT:ChelseaGreen,1998).

［3］我并不是说在公司效益和社会绩效方面不存在取舍。显然，在某种情况下，“命令与控制”规章是唯一可行的解决之道。此外，有可能将外部性内部化，甚至以推动经济增长的方式提供公共产品。问题是过去人们盲目坚持基本上就不可能的“双赢”信条。

［4］此处，我并不是想说“命令与控制”规章不是为重要目标服务的。对落后者和犯罪者而言，没有选择。然而，对于那些试图跳出这些规章束缚的公司而言，这些规章有时候捆住了它们的手脚并放慢了创新的速度。

［5］MiltonFriedman,“TheSocialResponsibilityofBusinessIstoIncreaseItsProfits,”TheNewYorkTimesMagazine13September(1970):32-33,122-126.

［6］谢谢杜邦公司保罗•特伯的精彩描述。

［7］的确，里根政府倾向于改革——或者最好将这些规则统统废除。

［8］ClydePrestowitz,TradingPlaces(NewYork:BasicBooks,1988);BarryBluestoneandBennettHarrison,TheDeindustrializationofAmerica(NewYork:BasicBooks,1982);andIraMagazinerandRobertReich,MindingAmerica’sBusiness(NewYork:VintageBooks,1982).

［9］具有讽刺意味的是，质量管理诞生于美国，但其在20世纪50年代被一些美国的公司所拒绝，这些公司通过高产量和标准化大生产获取了巨额利润。然而，质量管理的支持者戴明和克罗斯比却在战后日本公司的激烈竞争中创立了“自愿采用制度”。

［10］参见，例如，MasakiImai,Kaizen:TheKeytoJapansCompetitiveSuccess(NewYork:RandomHouse,1986)。

［11］突出的例子有BillShore,TheCathedralWithin(NewYork:RandomHouse,1999);andMarkAlbion,MakingaLife,MakingaLiving(NewYork:WarnerBooks,2000)。

［12］MichaelPorterandClaasvanderLinde,“GreenandCompetitive:EndingtheStalemate.”HarvardBusinessReview(September/October1995):120134;StuartHartandGautamAhuja,“DoesItPaytoBeGreen?AnEmpiricalExaminationoftheRelationshipBetweenEmissionReductionandFirmPerformance,”BusinessStrategyandtheEnvironment5(1996):30-37;MichaelRussoandPeterFouts,“AResourceBasedPerspectiveonCorporateEnvironmentalPerformanceandProfitability,”AcademyofManagementJournal40(3)(1997):534-559;PetraChristmann,“EffectsofBestPracticesofEnvironmentalManagementonCostAdvantage:TheRoleofComplementaryAssets,”AcademyofManagementJournal43(4)(1998):663-680;andSanjaySharmaandHarrieVredenburg,“ProactiveCorporateEnvironmentalStrategyandtheDevelopmentofCompetitivelyValuableOrganizationalCapabilities.”StrategicManagementJournal19(1998):729-753.

［13］有关“绿色”对商机与战略的作用和更深层的论述的内容请详见ForestReinhardt,DowntoEarth(Cambridge,MA:HarvardBusinessSchoolPress,2000)。

［14］AMarcus,D.Geffen,andK.Sexton,ReinventingEnvironmentalRegulation:LessonsfromProjectXL(Washington,D.C.:ResourcesfortheFuture/JohnsHopkinsUniversityPress,2002).

［15］AndyKingandMichaelLenox,“ExploringtheLocusofProfitablePollutionReduction”ManagementScience47(2)(2002):289-299.

［16］NigelRoomeandMichaelHinnells,“EnvironmentalFactorsintheManagementofNewProductDevelopment,”BusinessStrategyandtheEnvironment2(1)(1993):12-27;UlrichSteger,“ManagerialIssuesinClosingtheLoop,”BusinessStrategyandtheEnvironment5(4)(1996):252-268.

［17］WilliamMcDonoughandMichaelBraungart,CradletoCradle(NewYork:NorthPointPress,20-02).

［18］FionaMurrayandRichardVietor,Xerox:DesignforEnvironment(Boston:HarvardBusinessSchoolPublishing,1993).

［19］PersonalcommunicationwithDaveBuzzelli,DowChemicalCompany,1996.

［20］PaulHawken,AmoryLovins,andHunterLovins,NaturalCapitalism(NewYork:Little,BrownandCompany,1999).

［21］WilliamMcDonoughandMichaelBraungart,CradletoCradle

［22］此处参考了“三重底线”的相关论述，请见JohnElkington,CannibalswithForks(GabriolaIsland,B.C.:NewSocietyPublishing,1998)。

［23］ErikSimanisandStuartHart,MonsantoCompany(A)and(B):QuestforSustainability(Washington,D.C.:WorldResourcesInstitute,2000).

［24］RobertShapiro,AddresstoGreenpeace’sAnnualConference,1999.

［25］此部分摘自StuartHartandSanjaySharma,“EngagingFringeStakeholdersforCompetitiveImagination,”AcademyofManagementExecutive18(1)(2004):718。

［26］RobertFosterandSarahKaplan,CreativeDestruction(NewYork:CurrencyBooks,2001).

［27］DavidKorten,WhenCorporationsRuletheWorld(WestHartford,CT:KumarianPress,1995).

［28］ChristopherGunn,ThirdSectorDevelopment(Ithaca,NY:CornellUniversityPress,2004).

［29］AnnFlorini,ed.,TheThirdForce:TheRiseofTransnationalCivilSociety(Washington,.DC.:CarnegieEndowmentforInternationalPeace,2000).

［30］HowardReingold,SmartMobs:TheNextSocialRevolution(Cambridge,MA:PerseusPublishing,2002).

［31］R.K.Mitchell,B.R.Agle,andD.Ｊ.Wood,“TowardaTheoryofStakeholderIdentificationandSalience:DefiningthePrincipleofWhoandWhatReallyCounts,”AcademyofManagementReview22(1997):853886.

［32］参见，例如，AnilGuptaandEleanorWestney,eds.,SmartGlobalization(SanFrancisco:JosseyBass,20-03)。

［33］BrianEllison,DashaMoller,andMiguelAngelRodriguez,HindustanLever:ReinventingtheWheel(Barcelona,Spain:IESEBusinessSchool,20-03).