ËѺüÍøÕ¾ËѺü¶ÁÊé
ÆßϦ°ïÀϰÖÂò»¨ËÍÀÏÂè Âú100¼õ50¡¡¡¡¡¡ÆµµÀÍÆ½é£º Ô­´´Æß´óÈÈÃÅС˵¡¡¡¡×éÖ¯²¿³¤Ç°´«¡¡ÊìÅ®Ñø³ÉÈÕÖ¾ ÐÔÔ½¶àÔ½°²È«¡¡¡¡¡¡ ¡¡¡¡¡¡ ÈýÐǰÂÔËÌå²ÙÖúÍþÍŻ»ðÈȽøÐÐÖÐ
Á¬ÔØ > ²Æ¾­ > ÉÌҵʷ´« > ²Æ¸»¹«Ê½£ºÍæ×ªÀ­Ë¹Î¬¼Ó˹ºÍ»ª¶û½ÖµÄ¹ÊÊÂ

¡¶²Æ¸»¹«Ê½£ºÍæ×ªÀ­Ë¹Î¬¼Ó˹ºÍ»ª¶û½ÖµÄ¹ÊÊ¡·×÷Õߣº (ÃÀ)ÍþÁ®¡¤ÅÓµÂ˹ͨ 

Ñ¡Ôñ×ֺţº Ñ¡Ôñ×ÖÉ«£º  Ñ¡Ôñ±³¾°É«£º

 »ØÊéÄ¿ 

¡¶²Æ¸»¹«Ê½¡· µÚ¶þÕ ¶þʮһµã
¡¶²Æ¸»¹«Ê½¡· ÐÒÔËÖ®ÂÖ(2)

×÷Õߣº(ÃÀ)ÍþÁ®¡¤ÅÓµÂ˹ͨ    ³ö°æÉ磺Íò¾í³ö°æ¹«Ë¾

    ºóÀ´À×ÃɵÂÉÏÁËÄê¼Í£¬¿ªÊ¼¿¼ÂǼ̳ÐÈËÑ¡µÄÎÊÌâ¡£ËäÈ»¶Ä³¡ÊÇÒÔ¶ù×Ó¹þÂÞµÂÃüÃûµÄ£¬µ«¶ù×Ó¹þÂÞµÂÈ´ÊǸö¾Æ¹í¼Ó¶Ä¹÷£¬¾­³£Ò»¸öÐÇÆÚ²»»Ø¼ÒÔÚÍâÍæÀÖ£¬´©×ÅÅ£×еÄ×°Êø£¬ÆïÂí¡¢´òǹ¡¢¶Ä²©¡£µ±Ê±À×ÃɵµĶij¡¾­ÓªµÃ·Ç³£ºì»ð£¬ÆäËû¶Ä³¡¶¼ºÜÑۺ죬ËùÒÔÀ×ÃɵµľºÕù¶ÔÊַdz£Ô¸ÒâÈùþÂÞµÂÉÞÕË£¬Ï£ÍûÕÒ»ú»áÍ̲¢À×ÃɵµÄÉúÒâ¡£À×Ãɵ·dz£µ£ÐĶù×Ó¹þÂ޵»á°Ñ×Ô¼ºÔڶij¡ÖеĹɷݵÖѺ¸ø±ð¼Ò¶Ä³¡¡£

    À×ÃɵÂÔÚ¹þÂ޵¾ãÀÖ²¿ÀïûÓÐÒ»·ÖÇ®µÄ¹É·Ý£¬Ö»Äù¤×Ê¡£¹þÂ޵¾ãÀÖ²¿µÄ¹É¶«Ö»ÓÐÈý¸öÈË£ºÀ×ÃɵµÄС¶ù×Ó¹þÂ޵£¬¹þÂ޵µÄǰÆÞ¶àÂÜÜ磬»¹ÓÐÀ×ÃɵµĴó¶ù×ÓСÀ×Ãɵ¡£¹þÂ޵´ÓС¾ÍºÍ¸ç¸çСÀ×Ãɵ²»ºÍ£¬Ö±µ½ÖÐÄ꣬Ëû»¹¶ÔСʱºò¸ç¸ç±ÆËû³Ô¼¦ÊºµÄÊÂÇé¹¢¹¢ÓÚ»³¡£Ôø¾­ÓÐÒ»¶Îʱ¼äÓÉÓڶij¡È±ÉÙÈËÊÖ£¬¹þÂÞµÂÌá³ö¸ø¸ç¸ç£±/£³µÄ¹É·Ý£¬ÇëËûǰÀ´°ïæ¡£ºóÀ´£¬¹þÂ޵¶Ô×Ô¼ºµ±³õµÄÕâ¸ö¾ö¶¨Ò»Ö±ºÜºó»Ú£¬Ã»Ï뵽ƾ½èÕ⣱/£³µÄ¹É·Ý£¬¸ç¸çСÀ×Ãɵ¾¹È»³ÉÁ˰ÙÍò¸»ÎÌ¡£

    ¹þÂÞµÂÖ»ºÃ°²Î¿×Ô¼º£¬±Ï¾¹×Ô¼ºµÄ¹É·Ý±È¸ç¸çÒª¶à³öÒ»±¶¡£µ«²»ÐÒµÄÊÇÆÞ×Ó¶àÂÜÜçºÍËûÀëÁ˻飬ÒòΪËý°®ÉÏÁËÒ»¸öµ±±øµÄ¡£µ±Ê±ÓÉÓÚÕý´¦ÓÚÕ½ÕùÆÚ¼ä£¬À×ŵÕòÉÏסןܶà¾üÈË£¬ÕòÉÏ·òÆÞÀëÒìµÄÇé¿öÒ²ºÜÆÕ±é¡£ÔÚÁ½ÈËÀë»éÖ®ºó£¬·¿×Ó¡¢º¢×Ӻ͹þÂÞµÂÒ»°ëµÄ¹É·Ý¶¼¹éÁ˶àÂÜÜç¡£

    ºÍÀÏÀ×ÃɵÂÒ»Ñù£¬¶àÂÜÎ÷ºÍСÀ×ÃɵÂÒ²ºÜµ£ÐĹþÂÞµÂÐï¾ÆµÄÎÊÌâ¡£1949Ä꣬ÀÏÀ×ÃɵÂÖÕÓÚÏë³öÁ˰취£¬¾ö¶¨ÓÃÆÚȨºÏͬÀ´½â¾öÕâ¸öÎÊÌâ¡£Ò»¼ÒÈËÇ¿ÆÈ¹þÂÞµÂÇ©ÁËÒ»·ÝЭÒ飬Èç¹ûÔÚ½ÓÏÂÀ´µÄ£µÄê¼ä¶Ä³¡µÄ¹É·ÝÒª³öÊ۵ϰ£¬Ö»Äܰ´ÕÕ×ܼۣµ£°ÍòÃÀԪȫ²¿Âô¸øÀÏÀ×Ãɵ¡£Êµ¼ÊÉÏ£¬µ±Ê±¹þÂ޵¾ãÀÖ²¿¹É·ÝµÄ¼ÛÖµÒªÔ¶Ô¶³¬¹ýÕâ¸öÊýÄ¿£¬´ó¸ÅÔÚ£¸£°£°ÍòÃÀÔª×óÓÒ¡£ÔÚÇ©ÁËÕâ·ÝºÏ֮ͬºó£¬¹þÂ޵¾ÍÔÙÒ²²»»á°Ñ¶Ä³¡µÄ¹É·ÝÂôµô£¬³ý·ÇËûÍ·ÄÔʧ³£¡£¼´±ã¹þÂÞµÂÕæµÄºÈ×íÁ˾ƴòËãÂôµô×Ô¼ºµÄ¹É·Ý£¬Ò²²»ÄÜÂô¸øÍâÈË¡£

    ËäÈ»Õâô×öÓÐЩ²»ÔñÊֶΣ¬µ«Ê±¼äÖ¤Ã÷ÕâÖÖ°²Åŷdz£³É¹¦¡£¹þÂ޵µĹɷÝûÓÐÔڶij¡ÉÏÊäµô¡£µ½ÁË1954Ä꣬Õâ¸öÆÚȨºÏͬÖÕÓÚ¹ýÆÚʧЧ¡£

    µ«ÊÇ£¬¹þÂ޵·dz£²»Âú£¬¾õµÃ¸¸Ç׺͸ç¸ç¶¼°Ñ×Ô¼ºµ±¸ö²»¶®ÊµÄСº¢×ÓÒ»Ñù¿´´ý¡£ºóÀ´£¬Ëû¿ªÊ¼´óÁ¿·þÓÃÒ»ÖÖ½ÐÃ×¶û¶ÙµÄ°²ÃßÒ©£¬ÕâÖÖÕò¶¨¼ÁÊÇ´¦·½Ò©£¬Èç¹ûºÍ¾Æ¾«ÒûÁÏÒ»Æð·þÓöÔÈËΣº¦ºÜ´ó¡£¿ªÊ¼·þÒ©Ö®ºó²»¾Ã£¬¹þÂ޵µÄÐÐΪÖð½¥±äµÃ²»Õý³£¡£1956Äê8ÔÂ9ÈÕ£¬¹þÂÞµÂÍíÉÏÌÉÔÚ×Ô¼º·¿¼äÀ¿´µ½¿ÕÖÐÓÐÒ»Ö»·É¶ê£¬Ò»Ö±Î§ÈÆ×ŵƹâ·É£¬µ«Ê¼ÖÕÓëµÆ¹â±£³Ö×ÅÒ»¶¨µÄ¾àÀë¡£

    ÕâÖ»·É¶êËÆºõÔÚ¹þÂÞµÂÉíÉϲúÉúÁËÒ»ÖÖÉñÆæµÄÁ¦Á¿£¬Ê¹ËûÀË×Ó»ØÍ·¡£¹þÂÞµÂÌý´ÓÁËÒ½ÉúµÄ½¨Òéס½øÁËÊ¥ÂêÀöÒ½Ôº¡£ÔÚÒ½ÔºÀֱµ½»¤Ê¿À´¸øËûÁ¿ÌåÎÂʱ£¬¹þÂ޵²ÅÖªµÀ×Ô¼º×¡½øµÄÊǾ«Éñ²¡¿ÆµÄ²¡·¿¡£

    ÔÚ¾­¹ýÕâ´Î¾«Éñ±ÀÀ£Ö®ºó£¬¹þÂ޵·¢ÊĽñºó£´ÄêÔÙÒ²²»Õ´¾ÆÁË¡£ÔÚ½ÓÏÂÀ´µÄ£´Ä꣬¹þÂÞµÂ×ñÊØÁË×Ô¼ºµÄÊÄÑÔ£¬¹ûÈ»µÎ¾Æ²»Õ´¡££´ÄêÖ®ºó£¬ËûÍ´ÒûÁË£³ÌìÒÔʾÇì×££¬È»ºóÓÖÆðÊÄ£¬½ÓÏÂÀ´£¶Äê²»ºÈ¾Æ¡£µ±Ë÷ÆÕºÍººµÂÀ´µ½ËûµÄ¶Ä³¡½øÐÐÊÔÑéʱ£¬ËûµÄ£¶ÄêÊÄÔ¼»¹Î´µ½ÆÚ¡£


 »ØÊéÄ¿ 

   ¹²ÓÐ3ÌõÆÀÂÛ   ²é¿´ËùÓÐÆÀÂÛ>>Óû§ÆÀÂÛ

  • ÆÀÂÛÕߣºÄäÃû¡¡¡¡ÆÀÂÛʱ¼ä£º2008-03-31 07:33:55¡¡¡¡IP£ºÒѼǼ¡¡¡¡
  • Á½Î»´ó¸çдµÄ¾Í¹»ÎÒÕą̂486ת3ÌìµÄÁË¡£
  • ÆÀÂÛÕߣº¹ÉÉñºÍ¶ÄÉñ¶¼ÓÐÒ»Ì׿ơ¡¡¡ÆÀÂÛʱ¼ä£º2008-02-26 13:12:16¡¡¡¡IP£ºÒѼǼ¡¡¡¡
  • ¹ÉÉñºÍ¶ÄÉñ¶¼ÓÐÒ»Ì׿ÆÑ§·½·¨ -273¡æ ·¢±íÓÚ 2007-07-08 00:03:15 ÔÚÎÒÔÚ½ø»ª¶û½Ö֮ǰ£¬ÎÒµÄѧ³¤³Âºê¸æËßÎÒÓ¦¸Ã¶ÁÒ»¶ÁJohn HullµÄ£¨ÆÚȨ¡¢ÆÚ»õºÍÆäËü֤ȯÑÜÉú²úÆ·)£¬Õâ±¾ÊéдµÃÊǹØÓÚ֤ȯÑÜÉú²úÆ·µÄÊýѧ±ê¼ÛÄ£ÐÍ¡£ÔÚ»ª¶û½Ö¹¤×÷¶àÄêÒÔºó£¬ÎÒ¾õµÃÁíÍ⻹ÓÐÒ»±¾ÊéÒ²·Ç³£ÖµµÃÀí¿ÆÑ§ÉúÒ»¿´£¬Ëü¾ÍÊÇThomas BassµÄ(Ô¤²âÕß)¡£Õâ±¾ÊéÀï½²µÄÊǼ¸¸öǰÎïÀí½ÌÊÚÔõÑù°Ñģʽʶ±ð·½·¨Ó¦Óõ½ÆÚ»õ½»Ò×À×îºó¶¼ÔÚ»ª¶û½Ö»ñµÃÁ˾޴óµÄ³É¹¦¡£ ÊéÀï½²µ½£¬ÔÚ1960Ä꣬MIT(ÂéÊ¡Àí¹¤Ñ§Ôº)ÓÐÒ»¸öÄêÇáµÄÊýѧ½²Ê¦£¬½ÐEdward Thorp¡£ËûÔÚÑо¿Éúʱ´ú¾Í³É¹¦µØÇó½âÁ˵çÐÅÍøÂ翪¹ØµÄ·½³Ì×é¡£ËûʹÓÃMITµÄ´ó¹æÄ£¼ÆËã»úÖ¤Ã÷ÁË£¬¼ÙÈçׯ¼ÒÓÃÒ»¸##Ë¿ËÅÆÀ´Íæ21µãµÄÓÎÏ·£¬Ê¹ÓÃÊýÅÆµÄ·½·¨ºÍ¿¼Âǵ½ÔÚׯ¼ÒµÄ·¢Åƹý³ÌÖÐÓÐʱ»á³öÏÖÀ´AµÄ¿ÉÄÜÐԽϴóµÄ»ú»á£¬ÔÚͳ¼ÆÉÏ¿ÉÒÔÓÐ51.5%Ӯר¼ÒµÄ¸ÅÂÊ¡£ ËäÈ»ÏÖÔÚ´óÎ÷Ñó³Ç¶Ä³¡µÄ21µãÊÇÓÃ8¸##Ë¿ËÅÆÀ´Íæ(ÎÒÏë¾ÍÊÇΪÁ˲»ÈÃÕâЩ´ÏÃ÷µÄ¿ÆÑ§¼ÒÀ´×ª¿Õ×Ó)£¬ÔÚÀ­Ë¹Î¬¼Ó˹¶Ä³¡£¬ÎÒÃÇ»¹ÊÇ¿ÉÒÔÕÒµ½Ò»Ð©¶Ä³¡ÊÇʹÓÃÒ»¸##Ë¿ËÅÆµÄ¡£ThorpÔÚ1962ÄêдÁËÒ»±¾¹ãÊÜ»¶Ó­µÄ(´ò°Üׯ¼Ò)£¬¶øÇÒ»¹ÔÚ¼ÇÕßÔÚÏÖ³¡µÄÇé¿öÏ£¬Ö¤Ã÷ÁËËû´ò°Üׯ¼ÒµÄ·½·¨ÊÇÕæÊµ¿ÉÐеġ£ ´ÓÄÇÒԺ󣬺ܶà¶Ä³¡¾ÍÁ¢ÏÂÁËÒ»ÌõÐÂ¹æ¾Ø£¬ËûÃÇÓÐȨÔÚ²»¸ø³öÀíÓɵÄÇé¿öÏ£¬¾Ü¾øÈκÎËûÃDz»Ï²»¶µÄÈËÈ볡¡£Thorp»¹×öÁËÁíÍâÒ»¼þºÜ¾øµÄÊ¡£ÔÚ1962Ä꣬Ëû¾ÓȻ˵·þÁ˵±Ê±MITÀïһλºÜÖøÃûµÄÓ¦ÓÃÊýѧ½ÌÊÚClaude Shannon(ShannonÊÇÐÅÏ¢ÀíÂ۵Ĵ´Ê¼ÈËÖ®Ò»)ÓëËûÒ»Æð×öÒ»¸ö²âÁ¿¶íÂÞ˹ÂÖÅ̶ÄÀïËùÓÃÂÖÅÌתËٵļÆËã»ú(analog computer)£¬ÒÔÔ¤¼Æ×îºóСÇò»áÍ£ÔÚÄÄÀï¡£Õâ¼ÆËã»úÖ»ÓÐÏãÑ̺дóС¡£²»¹ýµ±ËûÃǵ½¶Ä³¡È¥×öʵÑéʱ£¬ÒòΪ¶Ì·µÈ¼¼ÊõÉϵÄÔ­Òò£¬ÕâʵÑéÔÚµ±Ê±Ê§°ÜÁË¡£ËûÃǺóÀ´Ò²Ã»ÓнÓ×ÅÔÙ×ö¡£ µ½ÁË1990Ä꣬ÓÐÒ»¼Ò¹«Ë¾½ÐEudaemonic EnterprisesÍê³ÉÁËThorpºÍShannonδÍê³ÉµÄÊ£¬Ö¤Ã÷ÁËʹÓôø²âÁ¿ÒǵļÆËã»úÊÇ¿ÉÒÔÔÚ¶íÂÞ˹ÂÖÅ̶ÄÀï´ò°Üׯ¼ÒµÄ¡£ 1965Äêǰºó£¬Thorpµ½¼ÓÀ︣ÄáÑÇ´óѧµÄIrvine·ÖУ½ÌÊ飬ÔÚÄÇÀïËûÓöµ½Á˾­¼ÃϵµÄ½ÌÊÚSheen Kassouf¡£ÔÚ1967Ä꣬ËûÃÇÁ½ÈËÒ»ÆðÕÒµ½ÁËÒ»¸öÓÃ¹ÉÆ±È¥¶Ô³å¹ÉƱÈϹºÖ¤(warrants)µÄ·½·¨£¬ÒÀÕÕÕâ·½·¨¶ø½øÐеÄÌ×Àû½»Ò×ΪËûÃÇ´øÀ´ÁË·áºñµÄÀûÈó¡£ËäÈ»ËûÃǵķ½·¨²»ÊÇÍêÕûµÄÆÚȨ±ê¼ÛÄ£ÐÍ£¬¿¼Âǵ½ËûÃǵĶԳ巽·¨±ÈÔÚ1973Ä꽨Á¢µÄ¡¢»ñµÃŵ±´¶û½±µÄBlack-ScholesÆÚȨ±ê¼ÛÄ£ÐÍ»¹Ôç6Ä꣬ÕâÊǷdz£²»ÈÝÒ׵ġ£ThorpºÍKassoufºóÀ´¶¼³ÉÁË»ù½ð¾­Àí£¬ThorpµÄ¶Ô³å»ù½ð¹ÜÀí×Å3ÒÚÃÀÔªµÄ×ʲú¡£ ÔÚ90Äê´ú³õ£¬¼¸¸öǰÎïÀí½ÌÊÚºÍÃÀ¹ú°¢À­ÄªË¹(Los Alamos)¹ú¼ÒʵÑéÊҵĿÆÑ§¼Ò½¨Á¢ÁËÒ»¸ö¶Ô³å»ù½ð£¬½ÐPrediction Company¡£ËûÃǰÑ×öģʽʶ±ðµÄÓ¦ÓÃÊýѧ·½·¨Ïógenetic algorithm ºÍ neural networkÔËÓÃÓÚ·ÖÎöºÍÔ¤²â¹ÉÖ¸¡¢Íâ»ãºÍÕþ¸®Õ®È¯ÆÚ»õµÄ¼Û¸ñ¡£ËûÃǽ¨Á¢µÄ¶¨Á¿ÆÚ»õÄ£ÐÍÔÚÊг¡Àï»ñµÃÁ˼«´óµÄ³É¹¦¡£Prediction CompanyºóÀ´±»SBC(Swiss Bank CorporationÈðÊ¿ÒøÐÐ)ÊÕ¹ºÁË¡£ Prediction Company´´Á¢ÕßÃÇÁªÏµµÄÔçÆÚͶ×ÊÈËÀïÓÐÒ»¸öºÜÌØ±ðµÄÈ˽ÐBlair Hull¡£´ËÈËÔÚ1970Äê´ú³õÔ­ÊÇÒ»¸öÖ°Òµ21µãÊýů׍¼ÒÍŶÓÀïµÄÒ»Ô±£¬Ëû¿¿Íæ21µã׬ÁË50ÍòÃÀÔª¡£HullÒ²ÊÇÒ»¸öÓ¦ÓÃÊýѧ¸ßÊÖ£¬ÄÇʱÕýºÃBalckºÍScholes½¨Á¢ÁËÆÚȨ±ê¼ÛÄ£ÐÍ¡£Ëû¾ÍÓÃÄÇ50ÍòÃÀÔª¿ªÊ¼ÔÚÖ¥¼Ó¸çÉÌÆ·½»Ò×Ëù(CME)ºÍÖ¥¼Ó¸çóÒ×ÖÐÐÄ(CBOT)×öÆÚȨ½»Òס£µ½1991ÄêµÄʱºò£¬ËûµÄ×ʲúÒÑÓÐ9ǧÍòÃÀÔªºÍÓµÓÐÒ»¼Ò¶¨Á¿Ä£ÐÍ»ù½ð¡£ ÔÚʵ¼ùÖУ¬ÄãÒªÓбȽϺõļÇÒäÁ¦È¥ÊýÅÆ£¬ÒòΪÔڶij¡Ê¹ÓüÆËã»úÊÇÊôÓÚ×÷±×ÐÐΪ¡£ÊýÅÆ¾ÍÊǼÇ×¡Ð¡ÅÆÒѾ­·¢Á˶àÉÙÕÅÁË£¬È»ºó¸ù¾ÝÐ¡ÅÆÒѳöµÄÊýÄ¿À´µ÷ÕûÄãµÄ¶Ä×¢µÄ´óС¡£1995Äê(µ±Ê±ÎÒ²¢Ã»Óп´µ½ThorpµÄÊé)£¬ÎÒ×Ô¼ºÓÃÁËÈýÌìµÄʱ¼ä£¬ÓÃRecursive Method(µÝ¹é·¨)ÕÒµ½ÁËÒ»¸ö·½·¨£¬ÔÚ²»ÊýÅÆµÄÇé¿öÏ£¬¾Í¿ÉÒÔÓÐ49.8%Ӯׯ¼ÒµÄ¸ÅÂÊ¡£ºóÀ´ÓÖ¼Ó½øÁËÎÒ×Ô¼ºµÄÊýÅÆ·½·¨ÒÔÌá¸ßӮׯ¼ÒµÄ¸ÅÂÊ¡£ÎÒÔø¾­ÓÐÒ»¸öÍíÉÏ´øÁË5000ÃÀԪȥ´óÎ÷Ñó³Ç¶Ä³¡Íæ21µã£¬Ó®ÁË15000ÃÀÔª¡£ ÎÒ°ÑÎÒµÄÕâ¸ö·½·¨½Ð×ö½ðÐDzßÂÔ£¬¼ÙÈçÄãÖ»ÊÇÆ¾Ò»ÖָоõÈ¥¶ÄµÄ»°£¬ÄãӮׯ¼ÒµÄ¸ÅÂÊ´ó¸ÅÖ»ÓÐ35%¡£°´ÕÕÎÒµÄ×î¼Ñ²ßÂÔ£¬¾ÍËãÄã²»ÊýÅÆ£¬ÄãӮׯ¼ÒµÄ¸ÅÂÊÓм¸ºõ50%£¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇÆ½ÊÖ¡£¼ÙÈçÄãÊýÅÆµÄ»°£¬ÎÒÏëÄãӮׯ¼ÒµÄ»ú»áÓ¦¸ÃÊÇ´óÓÚ50%µÄ¡£ ²»¹ý¶Ä²©¾ÍÊǶIJ©¡£ÎÒÓÐÒ»¸öÔÚLong-Term Capital×ö¹ý·ÖÎöÔ±µÄÅóÓѸæËßÎÒ£¬ËûÃÇ»ù½ðµÄij¸öºÏ»ïÈË(½¨Á¢Black-ScholesÆÚȨ±ê¼ÛÄ£Ð͵Äŵ±´¶û½±µÃÖ÷ScholesÒ²ÊÇLong-TermµÄºÏ»ïÈËÖ®Ò»)ÓÐÒ»´Îµ½¶Ä³¡Íæ21µã£¬ÍæÁË10·ÖÖÓ£¬ÊäÁË20000ÃÀÔª£¬¾ÍÆðÉí×ßÁË¡£×ßʱ»¹²»Íüлл·¢ÅÆÔ±ºÍÁôÏÂ200ÃÀÔªµÄС·Ñ¡£Õâ¸öºÏ»ïÈË£¬ÊÇ»ª¶û½ÖÉϼ«Îª³É¹¦µÄÈËÊ¿£¬ÎÒÏëËû¿Ï¶¨ÖªµÀËû×Ô¼ºÃ»ÓÐ×ö¹ý21µãµÄÑо¿£¬Ëûµ½¶Ä³¡Ö»ÊÇÍæÍæ£¬ÊäÇ®ÊDz»Ææ¹ÖµÄ¡£ ÁíÍâÓÐÒ»µãÎÒÏëÖµµÃÒ»ÌáµÄÊÇ£¬¾ÍËãÄãÓÐ90%Ӯׯ¼ÒµÄ¸ÅÂÊ£¬Ò²²»ÒªÒ»´Î°ÑËùÓеÄ×ʱ¾ÑºÉÏ£¬ÒòΪÄã±Ï¾¹»¹ÓÐ10%ÊäµÄ¸ÅÂÊ¡£¼ÙÈçÄãӮׯ¼ÒµÄ¸ÅÂʳ¬¹ý50%£¬ÄãÒª°ÑÄãµÄ¶Ä±¾·Ö³ÉºÜ¶à·Ý£¬Ã¿´ÎѺһµã£¬ÕâÑù²ÅÄܱ£Ö¤¸ÅÂʱäÎªÕæÕýµÄӮǮ¡£½ðÈÚѧºÍ»ù½ðͶ×ÊÐÐÒµÀïÈËÃdz£½²µÄ·ÖɢͶ×Ê(Ò»°ãÒªÂò³¬¹ý20Ö»¹ÉƱ)¾ÍÊÇÒòΪÕâ¸öµÀÀí¡£ °Í·ÇÌØºÅ³Æ¹ÉÉñ£¬ThorpºÅ³Æ¶ÄÉñ£¬ÔÚÕâЩҫÑ۵Ĺ⻷ÏÂÃæ£¬ÆäʵËûÃǶ¼ÓÐÒ»Ì׿ÆÑ§µÄ·½·¨¡£
  • ÆÀÂÛÕߣº¹ÉÉñ¡¡¡¡ÆÀÂÛʱ¼ä£º2008-02-26 13:08:09¡¡¡¡IP£ºÒѼǼ¡¡¡¡
  • ºÚ¿ÍÍæ×ªÀ­Ë¹Î¬¼Ó˹ ×÷ÕߣºQmigh ³ö×Ô£ºÄÏ·½ÖÜÄ© ¡¡¡¡×Ô´ÓÓÐÁ˶ij¡£¬¾ÍÓÐÁËÔڶij¡×÷±×µÄÈË¡£Î§ÈÆ×ŽðÇ®µÄ¶ûÓÝÎÒÕ©³ÉΪÖÚ¶àµçÓ°Ç÷Ö®Èôð͵ÄÌâ²Ä¡£ÏÖÔÚ£¬ÓÖÓÐÁËÒ»ÅúÌØ±ðµÄÈ˱»¾í½øÁËÕâ¸öÄà̶£¬²»¹ýËûÃÇËÆºõÏÔµÃûÓÐÄÇô¹¦Àû£¬ÖÁÉÙËûÃÇ×Ô¼ºÊÇÕâôÈÏΪµÄ¡£ ¡¡¡¡×î½ü£¬¡¶Á¬Ïß¡·ÔÓÖ¾ÒÔ¡¶ºÚµôÀ­Ë¹Î¬¼Ó˹¡·ÎªÌ⣬½éÉÜÁËÒ»¸öÀ´×ÔÂéÊ¡Àí¹¤Ñ§ÔºµÄºÚ¿ÍÍÅÌåÊÇÔõÑùÈÃÀ­Ë¹Î¬¼Ó˹µÄ¶Ä³¡ÔâÊܳÐÖØ´ò»÷µÄ¡£ ¡¡¡¡Ë÷ÆÕÀíÂÛ£º¶Ä³¡µÄجÃÎ ¡¡¡¡Õâ¸öÃûΪ¡°MIT 21µãµÄºÚ¿Í×éÖ¯ÔÚ1990Äê´ú³õ¿ªÊ¼»î¶¯£¬ºËÐÄÈËÎïÊÇÒ»¸ö30¶àËêµÄÂéÊ¡Àí¹¤Ñ§ÔºÇ°ÖúÀí½ÌÊÚ¡£ËûÃÇÿÄê¶¼ÔÚѧУÖÐÁôÒâÄÇЩ¾ßÓÐÊýѧ»ò¹¤³Ì·½ÃæÌì·ÖµÄÐÂÉú£¬Í¨¹ý˽ϽӴ¥£¬½«ÆäÖÐÄܹ»Ì¸µÃÀ´µÄѧÉúÎüÊÕ½ø×éÖ¯¡£ ¡¡¡¡¡°MIT 21µãµÄ³ÉÔ±Ö®ËùÒÔÐèÒªÓÅÐãµÄÊýѧͷÄÔ£¬ÊÇÒòΪһÏî40ÄêǰµÄÑо¿³É¹û°Ñ¶Ä³¡µÄʤ¸º×ª»¯³ÉÁËÒ»¸öÊýѧÉϵĸÅÂÊͳ¼ÆÎÊÌâ¡£ ¡¡¡¡1962 Ä꣬ÃÀ¹ú¼ÓÀû¸£ÄáÑÇ´óѧµÄÊýѧ½ÌÊÚ°®µÂ»ª¡¤Ë÷ÆÕ(Edward Thorp)¹éÄɳöÒ»Ì×ÀíÂÛ£¬ËûÈÏΪ£¬ÔÚ21µãÖУ¬Íæ¼ÒÏà¶ÔÓÚׯ¼ÒÄܹ»ÉÔ΢ռÓÐ2£¥µÄÓÅÊÆ¡£»ùÓÚÕâÌ×ÀíÂÛ£¬Ë÷ÆÕдÁËÒ»±¾ÃûΪ¡¶´ò°Üׯ¼Ò¡·µÄÊé¡£Õâ±¾Êé³ÉΪ×êÔÚÇ®ÑÛÖеĶÄͽÃÇÐÄÄ¿ÖеÄÊ¥¾­£¬ËûÃǰ´ÕÕÊéÖнéÉܵķ½·¨¿àÁ·£¬È»ºó´Ó¶Ä³¡È¥¹Â×¢Ò»ÖÀ¡£ÕâÈÃÀ­Ë¹Î¬¼Ó˹µÄ¶Ä³¡ÀϰåÃÇÊÖæ½ÅÂÒ¡£ºóÀ´£¬Ò»Ð©´ó¶Ä³¡ÖÕÓÚÕÒµ½ÁËÓ¦¶ÔµÄ·½·¨£¬ËûÃDz»¹æÔòµØ¸ü»»×¯¼Ò»òÕßÏ´ÅÆ£¬ÕâÄÜÈÃÍæ¼ÒÐÁÐÁ¿à¿à¼ÆËã³öÀ´µÄ¸ÅÂʽá¹û»ÙÓÚÒ»µ©¡£µ±È»£¬¸ü¶àµÄ¶Ä³¡Ôò²ÉÓò»¶Ï¸ÉÈų£Ê¤½«¾ü¼ÇÅÆµÄ·½Ê½À´´òÂÒËûÃǵÄÕó½Å£¬»òÕ߸ɴà¾ÍÓñ©Á¦µÄ·½Ê½À´¶Ô¸¶ÄÇЩË÷ÆÕµÄÐÅͽÃÇ¡ª¡ª±Ï¾¹£¬¶Ä³¡¿ÉÄÜÊÇÊÀ½çÉÏ×î²»½²¹æÔòµÄµØ·½¡£ ¡¡¡¡¡¶´ò°Üׯ¼Ò¡·Öв¢Ã»ÓкÜÏêϸµØ½éÉÜË÷ÆÕÔÚÊýѧ·½ÃæµÄÑо¿³É¹û£¬¶ÄͽÃǶ¼ÊÇÖªÆäÈ»¶ø²»ÖªÆäËùÒÔÈ»£¬¿ÉÄÜ¿ªÊ¼Äܳ¢µ½Ò»µãÌðÍ·£¬µ«ºÜ¿ì¾ÍÔڶij¡µÄÊÖ¶ÎÏÂÊäµÃѪ±¾Î޹顣ËùÒÔ£¬µ½ÁË1970Äê´ú³õÆÚ£¬À­Ë¹Î¬¼Ó˹µÄ¶Ä³¡ÖÕÓÚÎÈסÁËÕó½Å¡£

¸ø´ËÊé´ò·Ö£º   Óû§Ãû£º *ÆÀÂÛ×ÖÊýÇë¿ØÖÆÔÚ2000×ÖÒÔÄÚ

   ÇëÌîдÑéÖ¤Â룺   (¿´²»Çå³þÇëµã»÷ͼƬˢÐÂ) 

½ñÈÕÍ·ÌõÍÆ¼ö

½ñÈÕÈÈÊéÅÅÐаñ

ËѺü¶ÁÊéÈËÆøÌØÇø